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Futsal
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 | This article's introduction section may not adequately summarize its contents. To comply with Wikipedia's lead section guidelines, please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of the article's key points. (September 2009) |
 Futsal at the 2007 Pan American Games. | |
| Highest governing body | FIFA, AMF |
|---|---|
| Characteristics | |
| Team members | 5 at a time |
| Categorization | Indoor |
| Equipment | Futsal ball (similar to football) |
Futsal is played between two teams of five players, one of whom is the goalkeeper, and up to seven substitutes per team. Unlike some other forms of indoor football, the game is played on a hard court surface delimited by lines; walls or boards are not used. Futsal is also played with a smaller ball with less bounce than a regulation football.[1] The rules create an emphasis on improvisation, creativity and technique as well as ball control and passing in small spaces.[2]
Contents[hide] |
[edit] History
Futsal was started in Montevideo, Uruguay, in 1930 when Juan Carlos Ceriani created a version of football for competition in YMCAs.[3] In Brazil, this version developed on the streets of Sao Paulo, and eventually a rule book was published. The sport began to spread across South America, and its popularity ensured that a governing body was formed under the name of FIFUSA (Federación Internacional de Fútbol de Salón) in 1971, along with the World Championships. The first FIFUSA World Championships were held in São Paulo, with hosts Brazil crowned champions ahead of Paraguay and Uruguay. Even more countries participated in the second World Championships held in Madrid in 1985.[4] Due to a dispute between FIFA and FIFUSA over the administration of fútbol, FIFUSA coined the word fut-sal in 1985.FIFA took control of the World Championships in 1989. Under new rules made by FIFA, the technical aspects of the game for players and spectators were improved. The linesmen were replaced with a second referee and there were unlimited substitutions.[5] It also introduced a size 4 football, which was weighted to reduce bounce by 30% compared to a conventional ball, which enabled faster play and, for the first time, scoring goals with the head.[4][6]
FIFA's relationships with its member associations allowed more countries to gain knowledge and resources about futsal.[4] FIFA soon began to administer its own indoor football games, hosting its first FIFA Indoor Soccer World Championship in 1989 in Rotterdam, Netherlands. In 1992 it was the FIFA Five-a-Side World Championship (Hong Kong) and since 1996 it has been called the FIFA Futsal World Championship. Thanks to the increase of the number of nations that participated in the FIFA Futsal World Championships held in 2000, Brazil's dominance in the competition was ended by Spain.[4]
In 2004, members of PANAFUTSAL (La Confederación Panamericana de Futsal, The Pan-American Futsal Confederation) formed AMF (Asociación Mundial de Fútbol de Salón, World Futsal Association), an international futsal governing body independent of FIFA. Both FIFA and AMF continue to administer the game.[7]
[edit] Rules
As international governing bodies of futsal, FIFA and AMF are responsible for maintaining and promulgating the official rules of their respective versions of futsal. Like football, futsal has 'laws' that define all aspects of the game, including what may be changed to suit local competitions and leagues. There are seventeen laws in the Futsal Laws of the Game.[8][edit] Players, equipment and officials
The kit is made up of a jersey or shirt with sleeves, shorts, socks, shinguards made out of rubber or plastic and shoes with rubber soles. The goalkeeper is allowed to wear long trousers and a different coloured kit, to distinguish himself from the other players in the team and the referee. Jewellery is not allowed, as are other items that could be dangerous to themselves or other players.[11]
The match is controlled by a referee who enforce the Laws of the Game, and the first referee is the only one who can abandon the match because of interference from outside the pitch. This referee is also assisted by a second referee. The decisions made by the referees are final, and can only be changed if the referees think it is necessary and play has not restarted.[12] There is also a third referee and a timekeeper, who are provided with equipment to keep a record of fouls in the match. In the event of injury to the referee or second referee, the third referee will replace the second referee. [13]
[edit] The pitch
The pitch is a made up of wood or artificial material, although any flat, smooth and non-abrasive material may be used. The length of the pitch is in the range 38–42 m (42-46 yd) and the width is in the range 18-25m in international matches. For other matches, it can be from 25-42m (27-46 yd)in length, while the width can be 15-25m (16-27 yd), as long as the length of the longer boundary lines (touchlines) are greater than the shorter boundaries where the goals are placed (goal lines)[14]. The ceiling must be at least 4 m (4 yd) high.[15] A rectangular goal is positioned at the middle of each goal line. The inner edges of the vertical goal posts must be 3 m (3 yd) apart, and the lower edge of the horizontal crossbar supported by the goal posts must be 2m (2.2 yd) above the ground. Nets made of hemp, jute or nylon are attached to the back of the goalposts and crossbar. The lower part of the nets shall be attached to curved tubing or another suitable means of support. The depth of the goal is 80 cm at the top and 1m at the bottom.[16]
[edit] Duration and tie-breaking methods
A standard match consists of two equal periods of 20 minutes. The length of either half is extended to allow penalty kicks to be taken, or a direct free kick to be taken against a team that has committed more than five fouls. The half time interval between the two halves cannot exceed 15 minutes.[20]In some competitions, the game cannot end in a draw, so away goals, extra time and penalties are the three methods for determining the winner after a match has been drawn. Away goals mean that if the teams’ score is level after playing one home and one away game, the goals scored in the away match count as double. Extra time consists of two periods of five minutes. If no winner is produced after these methods, five penalties are taken and the team that have scored the most wins. If it is not decided after five penalties, it continues to go on until one team has scored more goals than the other. Unlike extra time, the goals scored in a penalty shoot out do not count towards the goals scored throughout the match.[21]
[edit] The start and restart of play
At the beginning of the match, a coin toss is used to decide who will start the match. A kick off is used to signal the start of play, and is also used at the start of the second half, and any periods of extra time. It is also used after a goal has been scored, with the other team starting the play.[22] After a temporary stoppage for any reason not mentioned in the Laws of the Game, the referee will drop the ball where the play was stopped, provided that prior to the stoppage the ball was in play and had not crossed either the touch lines or goal lines.[23]If the ball goes over the goal line or touchline, hits the ceiling, or the play is stopped by the referee, the ball is out of play. If it hits the ceiling of an indoor arena, play is restarted with a kick-in to the opponents of the team that last touched the ball, under the place where it hit the ceiling.[15]
[edit] Misconduct
 |  | |
| Players are cautioned with a yellow card, and sent off with a red card. | ||
An indirect free kick shall be awarded to the opposing team if a goalkeeper clears the ball but then touches it with his hands before anyone else, if he controls the ball with his hands when it has been kicked to him by a team-mate, or if he touches or controls the ball with his hands or feet in his own half for more than four seconds.[25] An indirect free kick is also awarded to the opposing team if a player plays in a dangerous manner, deliberately obstructs an opponent, prevents the goalkeeper from throwing the ball with his hands or anything else for which play is stopped to caution or dismiss a player. The indirect free kick shall be taken from the place where the infringement occurred.[25]
Yellow and red cards are both used in futsal. The yellow card is to caution players over their actions, and if they get two they are given a red card, which means they are sent off the field. A yellow card is shown if a player shows unsporting behaviour, dissent, persistent infringement of the Laws of the Game, delaying the restart of play, failing to respect the distance of the player from the ball when play is being restarted, infringement of substitution procedure or entering, re-entering and leaving the pitch without the referee's permission.[26] A player is shown the red card and sent off if they engage in serious foul play, violent conduct, spitting at another person, denying the opposing team a goal by handling the ball (except the goalkeeper inside his penalty area). Also punishable with a red card is denying an opponent moving towards the player’s goal a goalscoring opportunity by committing an offence punishable by a free kick or a penalty kick, using offensive, insulting or abusive language or gestures.[26] A player who has been sent off must leave the vicinity of the pitch. A substitute player is permitted to come on two minutes after a team-mate has been sent off, unless a goal is scored before the end of the two minutes. If a team of five players scores against a team of less than five players, another player can be added to the team with less than five players. If the teams are equal when the goal is scored, or if the team with less players scores, both teams remain with the same number of players.[27]
[edit] Ranking
As of November 2, 2009 the top 20 teams according to the ELO-based rankings are:[28]| # | Team | Points |
|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Brazil | 1987 |
| 2 |  Spain | 1944 |
| 3 |  Italy | 1766 |
| 4 |  Portugal | 1640 |
| 5 |  Russia | 1637 |
| 6 |  Iran | 1605 |
| 7 |  Argentina | 1571 |
| 8 |  Ukraine | 1495 |
| 9 |  Thailand | 1396 |
| 10 |  Paraguay | 1354 |
| 11 |  Serbia | 1352 |
| 12 |  Japan | 1351 |
| 13 |  Belarus | 1347 |
| 14 |  Romania | 1335 |
| 15 |  Czech Republic | 1314 |
| 16 |  Slovakia | 1310 |
| 17 |  Belgium | 1293 |
| 18 |  Slovenia | 1284 |
| 19 |  Uzbekistan | 1275 |
| 20 |  United States | 1268 |
| # | Team | Points |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Brazil | 2378 |
| 2 | Spain | 2308 |
| 3 | Italy | 2179 |
| 4 | Russia | 2153 |
| 5 | Portugal | 2132 |
| 6 | Argentina | 2130 |
| 7 | Iran | 2122 |
| 8 | Ukraine | 2076 |
| 9 |  Colombia | 2007 |
| 10 | Slovakia | 1991 |
| 11 | Romania | 1987 |
| 12 | Paraguay | 1976 |
| 13 | Slovenia | 1975 |
| 14 | Belgium | 1974 |
| 15 | Czech Republic | 1964 |
| 15 | Thailand | 1964 |
| 17 | Serbia | 1961 |
| 18 | Belarus | 1956 |
| 19 |  Netherlands | 1948 |
| 20 |  Azerbaijan | 1946 |
[edit] Competitions
[edit] National teams
[edit] International
[edit] Continental (major)
[edit] Continental (minor)
[edit] Africa
[edit] Asia
[edit] Europe
[edit] South America
[edit] Clubs
- Futsal Intercontinental Clubs Cup
- UEFA Futsal Cup
- South American Club Futsal Championship
- AFC Futsal Club Championship
[edit] Women
| Year | City | Country | Winner | Runner-Up | 3rd | 4th |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | Reus | Spain | Catalonia | Galicia | Colombia | Russia |
[edit] See also
- Futsal in Australia
- Futsal in Brazil
- Futsal in Catalonia
- Futsal in England
- Futsal in Iran
- Futsal in Libya
- Futsal in Norway
- Futsal In Scotland
- Futsal in Spain
- Futsal in Sweden
[edit] External links
- Futsal World Ranking
- Alternative Futsal World Ranking
- Futsal in Australia and New Zealand
- Futsal in Canada
- Futsal in Northern Ireland
- Futsal in the United States
- How Futsal differs from UK-style five-a-sides
- Futsal Leagues in Essex
[edit] References
- ^ "Comparison between FUTSAL and SOCCER". http://www.cusa.ab.ca/league.php?scriptName=LEAGUEINFO&leagueID=1000&leagueInfoID=6273. Retrieved 2007-03-02.
- ^ "How will English football develop?". http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/skills/7143587.stm. Retrieved 2007-12-18.
- ^ "Federation of Futsal USA". Federation of Futsal USA. http://fefusa.zortal.com/ZortalPortal.aspx?tabid=119963. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ a b c d "The FA.com - History of Futsal". The FA. http://www.thefa.com/GrassrootsNew/Player/Postings/2004/02/HistoryOfFutsal.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ "Toronto Central Futsal League: 4th Annual Futsal Tournament". Toronto Central Futsal League. http://www.torontocentralfutsalleague.com/futsalHistory.html. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ "BBC SPORT". BBC SPORT. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/get_involved/4197976.stm. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ "Futsal Planet News - World Futsal Association is formed". Futsal Planet. http://www.futsalplanet.com/news/news-01.asp?id=1041. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ "Futsal Laws of the game". FIFA. http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/futsal/lawsofthegame.html. Retrieved 2008-01-23.
- ^ "Futsal Laws of the game (Law 3)". FIFA. http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/futsal/en/law3_en.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-23.
- ^ "Futsal Laws of the game (Law 3)". FIFA. http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/futsal/en/law3.1_en.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-23.
- ^ "Futsal Laws of the game (Law 4)". FIFA. http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/futsal/en/law4_en.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-23.
- ^ "Futsal Laws of the game (Law 5)". FIFA. http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/futsal/en/law5_en.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-23.
- ^ "Futsal Laws of the game (Law 7)". FIFA. http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/futsal/en/law7_en.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-23.
- ^ "Futsal Laws of the game (Law 1)". FIFA. http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/futsal/en/pitch_en.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-23.
- ^ a b "Futsal Laws of the game (Law 10)". FIFA. http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/futsal/en/law10_en.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-24.
- ^ "Futsal Laws of the game (Law 1)". FIFA. http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/futsal/en/pitch4_en.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-23.
- ^ "Futsal Laws of the game (Law 1)". FIFA. http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/futsal/en/pitch1_en.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-23.
- ^ "Futsal Laws of the game (Law 15)". FIFA. http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/futsal/en/law15_en.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-23.
- ^ "Futsal Laws of the game (Law 14)". FIFA. http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/futsal/en/law14a_en.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-23.
- ^ "Futsal Laws of the game (Law 8)". FIFA. http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/futsal/en/law8_en.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-23.
- ^ "Futsal Laws of the game (Extra time and penalties)". FIFA. http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/futsal/en/winner_en.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-23.
- ^ "Futsal Laws of the game (Law 9)". FIFA. http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/futsal/en/law9_en.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-23.
- ^ "Futsal Laws of the game (Law 9)". FIFA. http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/futsal/en/law9a_en.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-23.
- ^ "Futsal Laws of the game (Law 12)". FIFA. http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/futsal/en/law12_en.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-24.
- ^ a b c "Futsal Laws of the game (Law 12)". FIFA. http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/futsal/en/law12a_en.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-25.
- ^ a b "Futsal Laws of the game (Law 12)". FIFA. http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/futsal/en/law12b_en.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-26.
- ^ "Futsal Laws of the game (Law 12)". FIFA. http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/futsal/en/law12c_en.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-26.
- ^ http://www.futsalworldranking.be
- ^ http://roonba.50webs.com/rankingsfutsal.htm
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